3
SDOH Uniquely Impact Women
Despite the fact that women account for more than half of the population and drive the majority of health
care decisions, there is little conversation across the industry about the ways they are uniquely affected by
SDOH.
5
A few examples include:
Economic Security:
• On average, women make 82 cents for every one dollar men make. This gap is
even more signicant for Latina, Native American, and Black women who make
between 54 and 62 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men.
6
• When mothers have less money to support their families, they are forced to choose
between essential resources like housing, childcare, food and health care.
7
Caregiving:
• 41 percent of mothers are the sole or primary breadwinners for their families (earning at least half
of their total household income) and are more likely to be overrepresented in low-wage jobs.
8
• Women who earn low wages are more likely to lack adequate childcare, have limited
transportation options, and have more difculty getting time off work, which can
lead to missed medical appointments and delay in seeking medical care.
10
Health/Health Care Access:
• Black women are more likely to be uninsured than non-Hispanic white women,have more nancial
barriers when seeking health care services,and are less likely to receive prenatal care.9
• For women of color, structural inequality, discrimination, and systemic racism have been shown
to have severe effects on the health care experience; and are linked to disparities in the rates of
cancer, HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and mortality during pregnancy and childbirth.10
• As health care stakeholders continue to explore opportunities to address SDOH within the health care
setting, it is critical that they do so with a population-specic lens. This means considering innovative
ways to address the specic SDOH-related needs among women of reproductive age, particularly
women of color who often face even worse SDOH-related barriers as a result of systemic racism.
5 U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates; U.S. Department of Labor. General Facts on Women
and Job Based Health. https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/les/EBSA/about-ebsa/our-activities/resource-center/fact-sheets/women-
and-job-based-health.pdf
6 National Partnership for Women and Families. Quantifying America’s Gender Wage Gap by Race/Ethnicity. March 2020.
7 National Partnership for Women and Families. Black Women’s Maternal Health: A Multifaceted Approach to Addressing Persistent and
Dire Health Disparities-Issue Brief. April 2018.
8 Glynn, S.J. Breadwinning Mothers Are Increasingly the U.S. Norm. Center for American Progress, May 10, 2019.
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2019/05/10/469739/breadwinning-mothers-continue-u-s-norm/
9 Kaiser Family Foundation. Women’s Coverage, Access, and Affordability: Key Findings from the 2017 Kaiser Women’s Health Survey.
Mar 2018.
10 Prather, C., Fuller, T. R., Jeffries, W. L., 4th, Marshall, K. J., Howell, A. V., Belyue-Umole, A., & King, W. Racism, African American
Women, and Their Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Historical and Contemporary Evidence and Implications for Health
Equity.Health equity,2(1), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2017.0045