APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Volume 1: Sport Psychology

APA Handbook of

Sport and Exercise

Psychology

HndbkSportExercPsych-Vols1&2.indd 1 12/28/18 1:42 PM

APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Volume 1: Sport Psychology,

edited by M. H. Anshel, T. A. Petrie, and J. A. Steinfeldt

APA Handbooks in Psychology

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APA Handbook of

Sport and Exercise

Psychology

volume 1

Sport Psychology

APA Handbooks in Psychology

Mark H. Anshel, Editor-in-Chief

Trent A. Petrie and Jesse A. Steinfeldt, Associate Editors

HndbkSportExercPsych-Vols1&2.indd 2 12/28/18 1:42 PM

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Anshel, Mark H. (Mark Howard), editor.

Title: APA handbook of sport and exercise psychology / edited by: Mark H. Anshel.

Other titles: American Psychological Association handbook of sport and

exercise psychology. | Handbook of sport and exercise psychology

Description: First Edition. | Washington, DC : American Psychological

Association, [2019] | Series: APA Handbooks in Psychology series |

Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: Volume 1. Sport

Psychology — Volume 2. Exercise Psychology.

Identiﬁers: LCCN 2018037422| ISBN 9781433830402 (Volume 1 : Hardcover) |

ISBN 143383040X (Volume 1 : Hardcover) | ISBN 9781433830426 (Volume 1 :

eBook) | ISBN 1433830426 (Volume 1 : eBook) | ISBN 9781433830419 (Volume 2:

Hardcover) | ISBN 1433830418 (Volume 2 : Hardcover) | ISBN 9781433830433

(Volume 2 : eBook) | ISBN 1433830434 (Volume 2 : eBook)

Subjects: LCSH: Sports—Psychological aspects. | Exercise—Psychological aspects.

Classiﬁcation: LCC GV706.4 .A64 2019 | DDC 796.01—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018037422

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record is available from the British Library.

Printed in the United States of America

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000123-000

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

vii

Contents

Volume 1: Sport Psychology

Editorial Board ...................................................... xi

About the Editor-in-Chief .............................................. xiii

Contributors ........................................................ xv

A Note From the Publisher ............................................. xix

Introduction ........................................................ xxi

Part I. Foundations and Contemporary Perspectives ....................... 1

Chapter 1. A Brief Global History of Sport Psychology ....................... 3

Alan S. Kornspan and Alessandro Quartiroli

Chapter 2. Sport Psychology Research: Proper Standards and Limitations ........ 17

Jeffrey J. Martin, Vista L. Beasley, and Michelle D. Guerrero

Chapter 3. Conducting Experimental Research in Sport Psychology ............. 41

Thomas M. Brinthaupt and John T. Pennington

Chapter 4. Psychological Assessment in Sport Psychology .................... 59

Frank L. Gardner

Part II. Personality Sport Psychology ................................... 77

Chapter 5. Personality, Styles, and Orientations in Sport: Pros, Cons, and

Guidelines for Predicting Sport Performance ...................... 79

Jacob J. Levy and Jason Ruggieri

Chapter 6. Cognitive and Personality Assessment in Applied Sport Psychology:

Evidence-Based Test Selection ................................. 99

Henry (Hap) Davis IV and Patrick Baillie

Chapter 7. From Talent Identiﬁcation to Talent Development: An Overview

and Critique ............................................... 111

Dave Collins and Áine MacNamara

Chapter 8. Psychological Characteristics of Elite Athletes ..................... 129

Rebecca A. Zakrajsek, Johannes Raabe, and Jedediah E. Blanton

Contents

viii

Part III. Lifespan Developmental Sport Psychology ........................ 149

Chapter 9. Youth Sport: Meeting Unique Development Needs of Youth Athletes

for Preventing Dropout ....................................... 151

Daniel Gould and Lauren Walker

Chapter 10. Sport Participation in Later Life ............................... 179

Bert Hayslip, Jr., and Robert S. Weinberg

Chapter 11. A Developmental and Holistic Perspective on Transiting Out of

Elite Sport ................................................ 201

Paul Wylleman

Part IV. Cognitive Sport Psychology .................................... 217

Chapter 12. Emotion and Sport Performance: Stress, Anxiety, Arousal, and

Choking .................................................. 219

Mark C. Frame and Sydney Reichin

Chapter 13. Emotion Regulation in Sport and Performance Contexts ............ 245

Zella E. Moore and Kelly Marin

Chapter 14. Attention in Sport .......................................... 259

Benjamin D. Hill, Sarah E. Taylor, and Jameson D. Beach

Chapter 15. Motivation in Sport: Theory and Application ..................... 273

Mary D. Fry and E. Whitney G. Moore

Chapter 16. Cognitive Strategies in Promoting Physical Performance:

Theory and Application ..................................... 301

Brad D. Foltz, Ricki Walker, and Cody Commander

Chapter 17. Mindfulness in Sport: Neuroscience and Practical Applications ...... 325

Frank L. Gardner and Zella E. Moore

Part V. Social Psychology of Sport ...................................... 343

Chapter 18. Girls and Women in Sport ................................... 345

Emily A. Roper and Katherine M. Polasek

Chapter 19. Understanding the Experiences of LGBT Athletes in Sport:

A Multilevel Model ......................................... 367

George B. Cunningham

Chapter 20. Psychology of Disability Sport: Participation and Performance ....... 385

Anthony Papathomas and Brett Smith

Chapter 21. Group Dynamics in Sport and Exercise ......................... 399

Mark Eys, Jeemin Kim, and Michael Godfrey

Chapter 22. Effective Coaching: The Links Between Coach Leadership and

Coach–Athlete Relationship—From Theory to Research to Practice ....... 419

Sophia Jowett and

Calum Arthur

Chapter 23. Strategies and Communication Skills in Sports Coaching ........... 451

Jeff Cherubini

Chapter 24. Audience Effects in Sport: The Reciprocal Flow of Inﬂuence

Between Athletes and Spectators .............................. 469

Daniel L. Wann and Jana Hackathorn

viii

Contents

Chapter 25. Hiding in Plain Sight: Discovering the Promises of Multicultural

Sport Psychology ........................................... 489

William D. Parham

Chapter 26. Anger and Aggression in Sport ................................ 509

Michelle L. Bartlett and Mitch Abrams

Part VI. Educational Sport Psychology .................................. 529

Chapter 27. Skill Acquisition: The Science and Practice of Teaching Sport

Skills .................................................... 531

Jeffrey T. Fairbrother

Chapter 28. Information Processing Approach to Understanding and

Improving Physical Performance .............................. 557

Charles H. Shea, Deanna Kennedy, and Stefan Panzer

Part VII. Clinical and Counseling Issues in Sport Psychology ................ 583

Chapter 29. Eating Disorders in Competitive Sport and Dance ................. 585

Dana K. Voelker and Nick Galli

Chapter 30. Attention-Deﬁcit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Athletes .............. 601

David Breiger

Chapter 31. Sleep Disorders and Remedies in Competitive Sport ............... 617

Daniel J. Taylor and Jennifer L. Martin

Chapter 32. Current Approaches to Sport Psychology Consulting in Collegiate

and Olympic Settings ....................................... 635

Carmen Tebbe Priebe, Robin Scholeﬁeld, and Traci Statler

Chapter 33. Athlete Mental Health ....................................... 653

Andrew T. Wolanin and Donald R. Marks

Chapter 34. Evidence-Based Sport Psychology Counseling .................... 675

Zella E. Moore and Kehana Bonagura

Part VIII. Psychological Issues in Sport Injuries and Rehabilitation ........... 697

Chapter 35. Psychological Predictors and Consequences of Injuries in

Sport Settings ............................................. 699

Diane M. Wiese-Bjornstal

Chapter 36. Adherence Issues in the Prevention and Rehabilitation of

Sport Injuries ............................................. 727

Britton W. Brewer

Part IX. Psychobiological Approaches to Explaining Sport Behavior ........... 743

Chapter 37. Psychophysiology and Biofeedback of Sport Performance ........... 745

Jacob J. Levy and Debora R. Baldwin

Chapter 38. Sport-Related Concussion: Evolving Perspectives ................. 759

Anthony P. Kontos, Erin Reynolds, and Brandon Gillie

Contents

Chapter 39. Biomarker-Guided Athlete Assessment and Mental Training

During Ofﬁcial Competition: A Systematic, Ecological,

Evidence-Based Protocol ..................................... 775

Roland A. Carlstedt

Part X. Professional Issues ........................................... 799

Chapter 40. Education and Credentialing in Sport Psychology: Who Are We

and What Do We Do? ....................................... 801

Trent A. Petrie

Chapter 41. Ethical and Legal Issues in Sport and Performance Psychology ....... 821

Jack C. Watson II and Edward F. Etzel

Index .................................................................. 839

Editorial Board

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Mark H. Anshel, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Volume 1

Trent A. Petrie, PhD, Professor, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas,

Denton

Jesse A. Steinfeldt, PhD, CMPC, Associate Professor, Department of Counseling and

Educational Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington

Volume 2

Steven J. Petruzzello, PhD, Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health,

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

Elise E. Labbé, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychology, University of

South Alabama, Mobile

xiii

Mark H. Anshel, PhD, is professor emeritus in the Department of Health and Human

Performance at Middle Tennessee State University. Dr. Anshel received his BS in physical

education from Illinois State University, his MA in the psychology of motor performance

from McGill University, and his PhD in the psychology of movement performance from

Florida State University. He has authored more than 145 journal articles, 15 book chapters,

and 13 full books, including Aerobics for Fitness (5th ed.), Applied Exercise Psychology:

A Practitioner’s Guide to Improving Client Health and Fitness, Applied Health Fitness

Psychology, In Praise of Failure: The Value of Overcoming Mistakes in Sports and in Life,

Intervention Strategies for Changing Health Behavior, and Sport Psychology: From Theory

to Practice (5th ed.).

Dr. Anshel’s career has addressed two related ﬁelds: sport psychology and exercise

psychology. Within sport psychology, his primary area of research has been understand-

ing the coping process in performance. In particular, he has studied the personal factors

(e.g., coping style, resilience, mental toughness, skill level, age, gender, cultural back-

ground) and situational factors (e.g., chronic vs. acute nature, presence of observers or

audience members, level of self-control) that inﬂuence whether events are considered

stressful, as well as the most effective ways of managing such events. Within exercise

psychology, his primary area of research has been the development, validation, and

application of the disconnected values model, an intervention that encourages people

to replace their unhealthy habits with healthier, more desirable ones. In his consulting

practice, Dr. Anshel has applied performance psychology concepts to assist a variety of

clients, including athletes and exercisers, coaches, law enforcement ofﬁcers, sports

rehabilitation professionals, members of the performing arts (e.g., dancers, actors,

musicians), and corporate employees.

About the Editor-in-Chief

Contributors

Mitch Abrams, PsyD, private practice, Learned Excellence for Athletes, Fords, NJ

Calum Arthur, PhD, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University,

Bangor, United Kingdom

Patrick Baillie, PhD, LLB, Alberta Health Services/Calgary Police Service, Calgary,

Alberta, Canada

Debora R. Baldwin, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Michelle L. Bartlett, PhD, West Texas A&M University, Canyon

Jameson D. Beach, MS, Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama,

Mobile

Vista L. Beasley, PhD, Division of Institutional Research and Assessment, Army

University, Fort Leavenworth, KS

Jedediah E. Blanton, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies,

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Kehana Bonagura, Master’s Candidate, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY

David Breiger, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of

Washington, Seattle

Britton W. Brewer, PhD, Department of Psychology, Springﬁeld College, Springﬁeld, MA

Thomas M. Brinthaupt, PhD, Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State

University, Murfreesboro

Roland A. Carlstedt, PhD, ABSP, Department of Certiﬁcation, Education, Training

and Research, American Board of Sport Psychology, New York, NY; Developmental

Biopsychiatry Research Program/Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital,

Belmont, MA; and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

Jeff Cherubini, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY

Dave Collins, PhD, private practice, Grey Matters Performance Ltd., Stratford-upon-

Avon, Warwickshire, United Kingdom

Cody Commander, PsyD, Psychological Resources for OU Student Athletes, University

of Oklahoma, Norman

George B. Cunningham, PhD, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M

University, College Station

Henry (Hap) Davis IV, PhD, private practice, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Edward F. Etzel, EdD, College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia

University, Morgantown

xvi

Contributors

Mark Eys, PhD, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier

University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Jeffrey T. Fairbrother, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies,

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Brad D. Foltz, PhD, Department of Athletics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

Mark C. Frame, PhD, Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University,

Murfreesboro

Mary D. Fry, PhD, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, University of

Kansas, Lawrence

Nick Galli, PhD, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah,

Salt Lake City

Frank L. Gardner, PhD, School of Health Sciences, Touro College, New York, NY

Brandon Gillie, PhD, UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program—UPMC Altoona

and Elite Orthopaedics, Edensburg, PA

Michael Godfrey, MA, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid

Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Daniel Gould, PhD, Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, Michigan State University,

East Lansing

Michelle D. Guerrero, PhD, Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group,

Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Jana Hackathorn, PhD, Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY

Bert Hayslip, Jr., PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton

Benjamin D. Hill, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile

Sophia Jowett, PhD, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough

University, Loughborough, United Kingdom

Deanna Kennedy, PhD, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University,

College Station

Jeemin Kim, MA, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier

University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Anthony P. Kontos, PhD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh,

Pittsburgh, PA

Alan S. Kornspan, EdD, School of Sport Science and Wellness Education, University of

Akron, Akron, OH

Jacob J. Levy, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Áine MacNamara, PhD, Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central

Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom

Kelly Marin, PhD, Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY

Donald R. Marks, PsyD, Department of Advanced Studies in Psychology, Kean

University, Union, NJ

Jeffrey J. Martin, PhD, Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State

University, Detroit, MI

Jennifer L. Martin, PhD, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California,

Los Angeles, and VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Greater

Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA

xvii

Contributors

E. Whitney G. Moore, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Sport Studies and Health,

Wayne State University, Detroit, MI

Zella E. Moore, PsyD, Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY

Stefan Panzer, PhD, Sports Science Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

Anthony Papathomas, PhD, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences

William D. Parham, PhD, ABPP, School of Education, Loyola Marymount University,

Los Angeles, CA

John T. Pennington, PhD, Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University,

Murfreesboro

Trent A. Petrie, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton

Katherine M. Polasek, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, State University of New York,

Cortland

Alessandro Quartiroli, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–

La Crosse

Johannes Raabe, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University,

Altoona

Sydney Reichin, Master’s Candidate, Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State

University, Murfreesboro

Erin Reynolds, PsyD, Baylor Scott & White Sports Concussion Program at The Star,

Frisco, TX, and Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Frisco

Emily A. Roper, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Sam Houston State University,

Huntsville, TX

Jason Ruggieri, MS, Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Robin Scholeﬁeld, PhD, Engemann Student Health Center, University of Southern

California, Los Angeles

Charles H. Shea, PhD, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University,

College Station

Brett Smith, PhD, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Birmingham

University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Traci Statler, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton

Daniel J. Taylor, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton

Sarah E. Taylor, BS, Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile

Carmen Tebbe Priebe, PhD, Athletics Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City

Dana K. Voelker, PhD, College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia

University, Morgantown

Lauren Walker, MS, Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, Michigan State University,

East Lansing

Ricki Walker, PhD, Psychological Resources for OU Student Athletes, University of

Oklahoma, Norman

Daniel L. Wann, PhD, Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY

Jack C. Watson II, PhD, College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia

University, Morgantown

Robert S. Weinberg, PhD, Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University,

Oxford, OH

xviii

Contributors

Diane M. Wiese-Bjornstal, PhD, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Twin

Cities

Andrew T. Wolanin, PsyD, Wolanin Consulting and Assessment Inc., Philadelphia, PA

Paul Wylleman, PhD, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy/Faculty of

Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

Rebecca A. Zakrajsek, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies,

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

xix

The APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology is the 30th publication to be released

in the American Psychological Association’s APA Handbooks in Psychology

series, insti-

tuted in 2010. The series comprises both single volumes and multivolume sets focused

on core subﬁelds or on highly focused content areas and emerging subﬁelds. A complete

listing of the series titles to date can be found on pp. ii–iii.

Each publication in the series is primarily formulated to address the reference interests

and needs of researchers, clinicians, and practitioners in psychology. Each also addresses

the needs of graduate students for well-organized and highly detailed supplementary

texts, whether to “ﬁll in” their own specialty areas or to acquire solid familiarity with

other specialties and emerging trends across the breadth of psychology. Many of the sets

additionally bear strong interest for professionals in pertinent complementary ﬁelds

(i.e., depending on content area), be they corporate executives and human resources

personnel; psychiatrists; doctors, nurses, and other health personnel; teachers and

school administrators; counselors; legal professionals; and so forth.

Under the direction of small and select editorial boards consisting of top scholars in

the ﬁeld, with chapters authored by both senior and rising researchers and practitioners,

each reference commits to a steady focus on best science and best practice. Coverage

converges on what is currently known in the particular topical area (including basic

historical reviews) and the identiﬁcation of the most pertinent sources of information

in both the core and evolving literature. Volumes and chapters alike pinpoint practical

issues; probe unresolved and controversial topics; and highlight future theoretical,

research, and practice trends. The editors provide guidance to the “dialogue” among

chapters through internal cross-referencing that demonstrates a robust integration of

topics. Readers are thus offered a clear understanding of the complex interrelationships

within each ﬁeld.

With the imprimatur of the largest scientiﬁc and professional organization represent-

ing psychology in the United States and the largest association of psychologists in the

world, and with content edited and authored by some of its most respected members,

the APA Handbooks in Psychology series is an indispensable and authoritative reference

resource for researchers, instructors, practitioners, and ﬁeld leaders alike.

A Note From the Publisher

xxi

Very few areas of research and practice have grown in scholarship and sophistication

as rapidly as sport and exercise psychology. The fact that the American Psychological

Association decided to publish a two-volume handbook in this area is testimony to the

ﬁeld’s growth and maturation.

Sport psychology typically is deﬁned as the study of the inﬂuence of psychological

processes on human performance, whereas exercise psychology is deﬁned as the use

of psychobehavioral processes to describe, explain, and predict exercise behavior and

other forms of physical activity. Together, these companion areas of study, research,

and clinical practice have been promoted and recognized by numerous organizations

worldwide, including those in the United States, Canada, Asia, Europe, and Latin

America. In addition, there are numerous scholarly and sophisticated scientiﬁc jour-

nals within the ﬁeld that are dedicated to furthering an understanding of the links

between cognition, emotion, and human performance. Among these is the ﬂagship

Journal of Sport Psychology, which, when it was renamed the Journal of Sport and Exercise

Psychology in 1987, cemented the association between sport and exercise.

My intent in creating the APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology is to help

move the ﬁeld forward with a contemporary publication that captures both the explor-

atory and applied nature of sport and exercise psychology. More speciﬁcally, I sought

to produce a publication that (a) recognizes the evolution, maturation, and expanding

scope of this very exciting ﬁeld; (b) combines a review of the literature with an overview

of the application of concepts, models, and theories; and (c) highlights emerging areas

of focus and possible future directions within the ﬁeld. Sport and exercise psychology

has never been more multidimensional, offering extensive avenues of research for

scholars and educators while still incorporating clinical applications for practitioners.

CONTENT

I recruited four associate editors, each with extensive expertise in his or her respec-

tive ﬁeld: Trent A. Petrie, Jesse A. Steinfeldt, Steven J. Petruzzello, and Elise E. Labbé.

Together, we devised a table of contents for each volume that showcases the expanding

ﬁeld of sport and exercise psychology. Chapter topics were selected based on several cri-

teria. First was the need to reﬂect a solid conceptual framework. A second criterion for

inclusion was the need to build on previous research and conduct further study. A third

criterion was the need to “go outside the box” and select topics that largely have been

Introduction

xxii

Introduction

ignored by researchers. For example, sexual identity issues and attention-deﬁcit/

hyperactivity disorder have received very limited attention by sport and exercise

scholars, but they are covered in this handbook (see Volume 1, Chapters 19 and 30,

respectively). A fourth criterion was evidence of application value; in other words,

the theories, models, and conceptual frameworks described within chapters must be

of use to practitioners as well.

Once we had decided on topics for the 41 chapters in Volume 1 and the 35 chapters

in Volume 2, we needed to recruit contributors to write the material. The chapter authors

in this handbook are widely published scholars who bring considerable expertise and

experience in writing, research, and practice. They are known as leaders in their ﬁelds

and have authored hundreds of research articles, book chapters, and full-length books

throughout their careers. Each contributor was tasked with reviewing the extant litera-

ture (from historical to contemporary), describing the applications of that information,

and suggesting future directions for research. The motivation of these professionals to

address questions in novel and exciting ways shows in their respective chapters, and

I hope their work will encourage readers to solve research problems by asking the right

research questions.

ORGANIZATION

The APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology has a unique structure. Volume 1

focuses on sport psychology and is divided into 10 parts: foundations and contempo-

rary perspectives, including material on the history of sport psychology and on sport

psychology assessment; personality sport psychology, which includes material on talent

identiﬁcation, personality styles, and other psychological characteristics; lifespan devel-

opmental psychology, which describes youth sport, sport in later life, and elite sport;

cognitive sport psychology, which discusses stress, emotion regulation, attention and

concentration, motivation, and similar topics; social psychology of sport, which includes

chapters on gender, sexual identity, disability, multiculturalism, and so forth; educational

sport psychology, which covers sport pedagogy and information processing; clinical and

counseling issues, including material on eating disorders, sleep difﬁculties, and various

mental health issues; sport injuries and rehabilitation, with chapters on injury prediction

and adherence to rehabilitation regimens; psychobiological approaches to sport, including

the topics of biofeedback and concussion; and professional issues, which relate to ethics

and governance.

Volume 2 on exercise psychology is divided into eight parts: foundations and

contemporary perspectives, including material on concepts and theories, research

dimensions, and legal issues; the role of psychology in exercise, with chapters on the

psycho logical beneﬁts of exercise, the effects of exercise on depression, the inﬂuence

of cognitive processes, and perceived exertion; developmental psychology of physical

activity, with chapters that describe physical activity for children, adolescents, middle-

aged adults, and older adults; exercise adherence, discussing the topics of personal

characteristics, adhering to physical activity programs, and ﬁtness technology; cogni-

tive psychology of physical activity, with chapters describing how physical activity

affects cognition as well as the reciprocal inﬂuence of counterproductive thoughts,

motivation, and mindfulness on activity; social psychology of exercise, including

material on gender, physical disabilities, diversity, and worksite exercise programs;

xxiii

Introduction

clinical and counseling issues, with information on exercise addiction, exercise con-

sulting, and biomarker psychotherapy; and psychological issues in exercise injuries,

rehabilitation, and performance, which includes chapters on strategies to promote

performance and strategies to promote rehabilitation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I want to express my deepest gratitude to Trent, Jesse, Steve, and Elise for their extra-

ordinary commitment, tireless effort, and insightful feedback to help produce such an

impressive product. I also would like to thank the very committed and talented staff

of the American Psychological Association, most notably Susan Reynolds, the senior

acquisitions editor who recruited me for the position of editor-in-chief, and Trish

Mathis, the reference editorial manager who guided me through the development pro-

cess. Finally, of course, I thank the many authors who were involved. Their dedication

to writing scholarly, sophisticated narratives and their support of the peer review process

has been exceptional. I am proud to have worked on this project with such dedicated

professionals—associate editors, chapter authors, and editorial staff—who have given

their time, effort, knowledge, and overall unequivocal support in the spirit of promoting

this ﬁeld of study and practice. I sincerely hope that this two-volume publication will

become a benchmark in the ﬁeld.

Mark H. Anshel, PhD

Editor-in-Chief

Part I

Foundations and

Contemporary

perspeCtives